feat(postgres): add shared database deployments

postgres/.env.example

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+POSTGRES_ADMIN_PASSWORD=
+AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD=
+GITEA_DB_PASSWORD=
+NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD=
+PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD=

postgres/README.md

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+# Shared PostgreSQL
+
+This directory contains a PostgreSQL 15 deployment draft for Authentik, Gitea,
+Netronome, and Penpot. It creates one database and one login role per service;
+it does not migrate existing data or change application connection settings.
+
+## Compatibility baseline
+
+| Service | Current application | Current standalone PostgreSQL | Common PostgreSQL 15 |
+| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
+| Authentik | 2025.10.2 | 15 | Supported (Authentik requires 14+) |
+| Gitea | 1.27.3 | 14 | Supported (Gitea requires 12+) |
+| Netronome | 0.14.0 | 17 | Validate in staging; upstream's example uses 17 but no 17-only feature is documented |
+| Penpot | 2.17.2 | 15 | Supported by the official deployment |
+
+PostgreSQL 15 is the conservative common major. A major-version downgrade or
+change must use a logical dump/restore; changing only the image tag while
+keeping a data directory is not supported. Back up and migrate one application
+at a time, starting with Netronome because its current standalone deployment
+uses PostgreSQL 17.
+
+For Compose, copy `.env.example` to `.env`, set all passwords, and start it with
+`docker compose -f shared-compose.yaml up -d`. This file is intentionally not
+named `compose.yaml`, so the repository deploy workflow does not start a second
+database accidentally.
+Applications that use this database must also join that external network and use
+`homelab-postgres:5432`.
+
+For Kubernetes, create `k8s/secrets.yaml` from the example before applying the
+manifests. The `k8s/active` marker makes the normal deploy workflow include the
+namespace, StatefulSet, ConfigMap, and NetworkPolicy. Applications use
+`postgres.database.svc.cluster.local:5432`.
+Migrate each existing database with a tested logical dump/restore before
+switching an application. Do not reuse a PostgreSQL 14 or 17 data directory
+with PostgreSQL 15.

postgres/initdb/01-create-databases.sh

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+: "${AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD:?AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+: "${GITEA_DB_PASSWORD:?GITEA_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+: "${NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD:?NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+: "${PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD:?PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+
+create_role_and_database() {
+  local role="$1"
+  local database="$2"
+  local password="$3"
+
+  psql --username "$POSTGRES_USER" --dbname postgres \
+    -v role="$role" -v database="$database" -v password="$password" \
+    <<'SQL'
+SELECT format('CREATE ROLE %I LOGIN PASSWORD %L', :'role', :'password')
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname = :'role')\gexec
+SELECT format('CREATE DATABASE %I OWNER %I', :'database', :'role')
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_database WHERE datname = :'database')\gexec
+SQL
+}
+
+create_role_and_database authentik authentik "$AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD"
+create_role_and_database gitea gitea "$GITEA_DB_PASSWORD"
+create_role_and_database netronome netronome "$NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD"
+create_role_and_database penpot penpot "$PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD"

postgres/k8s/namespace.yaml

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+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: database
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: homelab-database

postgres/k8s/network-policy.yaml

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+apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: NetworkPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: postgres-ingress
+  namespace: database
+spec:
+  podSelector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app.kubernetes.io/name: postgres
+  policyTypes:
+    - Ingress
+  ingress:
+    - from:
+        - namespaceSelector:
+            matchLabels:
+              kubernetes.io/metadata.name: authentik
+        - namespaceSelector:
+            matchLabels:
+              kubernetes.io/metadata.name: gitea
+        - namespaceSelector:
+            matchLabels:
+              kubernetes.io/metadata.name: netronome
+        - namespaceSelector:
+            matchLabels:
+              kubernetes.io/metadata.name: penpot
+      ports:
+        - protocol: TCP
+          port: 5432

postgres/k8s/postgres.yaml

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+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+  namespace: database
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: postgres
+    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: homelab-database
+spec:
+  selector:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: postgres
+  ports:
+    - name: postgres
+      port: 5432
+      targetPort: postgres
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: StatefulSet
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+  namespace: database
+spec:
+  serviceName: postgres
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app.kubernetes.io/name: postgres
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app.kubernetes.io/name: postgres
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: postgres
+          image: postgres:15.19-alpine
+          ports:
+            - name: postgres
+              containerPort: 5432
+          env:
+            - name: POSTGRES_DB
+              value: postgres
+            - name: POSTGRES_USER
+              value: postgres
+            - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
+              valueFrom:
+                secretKeyRef:
+                  name: postgres-shared-secrets
+                  key: POSTGRES_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+          envFrom:
+            - secretRef:
+                name: postgres-shared-secrets
+          volumeMounts:
+            - name: postgres-data
+              mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
+            - name: initdb
+              mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/01-create-databases.sh
+              subPath: 01-create-databases.sh
+          readinessProbe:
+            exec:
+              command: ["pg_isready", "-U", "postgres", "-d", "postgres"]
+            initialDelaySeconds: 10
+            periodSeconds: 10
+          livenessProbe:
+            exec:
+              command: ["pg_isready", "-U", "postgres", "-d", "postgres"]
+            initialDelaySeconds: 30
+            periodSeconds: 20
+      volumes:
+        - name: initdb
+          configMap:
+            name: postgres-initdb
+            defaultMode: 0755
+  volumeClaimTemplates:
+    - metadata:
+        name: postgres-data
+      spec:
+        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            storage: 20Gi
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: postgres-initdb
+  namespace: database
+data:
+  01-create-databases.sh: |
+    #!/usr/bin/env bash
+    set -euo pipefail
+
+    : "${AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD:?AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+    : "${GITEA_DB_PASSWORD:?GITEA_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+    : "${NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD:?NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+    : "${PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD:?PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD is required}"
+
+    create_role_and_database() {
+      local role="$1"
+      local database="$2"
+      local password="$3"
+      psql --username "$POSTGRES_USER" --dbname postgres \
+        -v role="$role" -v database="$database" -v password="$password" \
+        <<'SQL'
+    SELECT format('CREATE ROLE %I LOGIN PASSWORD %L', :'role', :'password')
+    WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname = :'role')\gexec
+    SELECT format('CREATE DATABASE %I OWNER %I', :'database', :'role')
+    WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_database WHERE datname = :'database')\gexec
+    SQL
+    }
+
+    create_role_and_database authentik authentik "$AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD"
+    create_role_and_database gitea gitea "$GITEA_DB_PASSWORD"
+    create_role_and_database netronome netronome "$NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD"
+    create_role_and_database penpot penpot "$PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD"

postgres/k8s/secrets.yaml.example

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+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  name: postgres-shared-secrets
+  namespace: database
+type: Opaque
+stringData:
+  POSTGRES_ADMIN_PASSWORD: ""
+  AUTHENTIK_DB_PASSWORD: ""
+  GITEA_DB_PASSWORD: ""
+  NETRONOME_DB_PASSWORD: ""
+  PENPOT_DB_PASSWORD: ""

postgres/shared-compose.yaml

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+services:
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:15.19-alpine
+    container_name: homelab-postgres
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    env_file:
+      - .env
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: postgres
+      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_ADMIN_PASSWORD:?set POSTGRES_ADMIN_PASSWORD}
+    volumes:
+      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+      - ./initdb:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:ro
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres -d postgres"]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
+    networks:
+      - database
+
+volumes:
+  postgres-data:
+
+networks:
+  database:
+    name: homelab-database